1. Essentials

â–º Oxygen: Fractional inspired oxygen

â–º Pressure: Continuous positive airway pressure

â–º Warming and humidification of gases

2. Indications in preterm neonates

â–º Spontaneous breathing

â–º Preterm
      ♦ Respiratory distress (Silverman score >3)
      ♦ Recurrent apneas
      ♦ Post extubation

3. Indications in term neonates

â–º Term
      ♦ Respiratory distress with Silverman score > 5
      ♦ Post extubation

4. Contraindications

â–º Poor respiratory efforts

â–º Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

â–º Tracheo-esophageal fistula

â–º Choanal atresia, cleft palate

â–º Cardiovascular instability

5. Initiation

â–º Connect to a pulse oximeter

â–º Fix the CAP (size)

â–º Right size prongs (interface)
      ♦ Fisher and Paykel or Hudson

â–º Check the circuit

â–º Connect CPAP circuit to interface

6. Fisher & Paykel and Hudson Interface

7. Orogastric tube

8. CPAP, FiO₂ & flow for bubble CPAP

9. Summary

â–º Preterm infant: Respiratory distress with SAS >3

â–º Term infant: Respiratory distress with SAS >5

â–º Rule of 5 when starting CPAP for respiratory distress